wpfyg;wnf;omvQif ,HkMunfjcif;tvif;odkU vnf;aumif;? ,HkMunfvufcHonfhtwdkif; aeUpOfESifhtrQ
tjynfht0usifhaqmufwnfEdkifaom cGeftm;wdkUudkvnf;aumif; ? ay;ydkifawmfrlaom t½Sifocifjzpfawmf
r\\l / owl pyf g;aumi;f usK;d csr;f omtwuG f ½uG af qmiEf ikd af p&ef uREykf wf Ukd u,kd pf wd qf Ew´ zmG ;zmG ; jzpaf y:ap
awmrf \\l /
oifwdkUvli,fvl½G,frsm; c&pfawmfociftm; tb,frQcspfcifjrwfEdk;wefzdk;xm;aMumif;udk
vnf;aumif;? udk,fawmf½SifESifh qHkpnf;zdkU? &ifzGifhpum;ajymzdkU oifwdkUrSmqE´jyif;jyaeMuonfudk vnf;
aumi;f ? tuREykf of yd gon/f treS {f uejfzpof nthf aMumi;f um;-uREykf wf Ukd wpOf ;D p\\D twiG ;f pwd Ef vS ;kH xwJ iG f
ued ;f 0ypf yH ,vf su½f adS om 0nd mOaf wmbf &k m;\\wecf ;kd aus;Z;l aMumiohf mvQi-f wuH siüf taocíH xajrmuf
awmrf jly;D aom c&paf wmaf ,Z;l \\cEm¨ awmüf uREykf wf Udk u,kd uf akd ygi;f pyyf g0iaf pjci;f jzpaf Mumihf tjroJ w,d
Buyg/ oUkd jzpaf omaMumihf c&paf wmEf iS whf aeUwjcm; yíkd &i;f E;DS tuRr;f w0ijf zpvf Mkd uygvQi-f oeYf½iS ;f aom
0dnmOfawmfjrwfbk&m;ESifh t&iftOD;w&if;wESD;½SdMuzdkU txl;vdktyfaMumif; ajymMum;vdkygonf/
6/ c&pörwftm;ay;jcif;ESifhudk,fawmfjrwftaoG;tom;r*Fvmawmf/
aemuxf y?f 0nd mOaf wmjfrwbf &k m;EiS hf &i;f E;DS tuRr;f w0i½f jdSci;f ? 0nd mOtf ouwf m ½iS of eBfu;D xmG ;
vmapa&;twuG f x0kd nd mOaf wm\\f wecf ;kd aus;Z;l ukd tm;u;kd í rnof Ukd b0op?f pwd of p?f vol pof Ukd ajymi;f
vJvmMu&rnfhtaMumif; odvdkMuygvdrfhrnf/ 4if;twGuftajzrSm- puú&rifwl;r*Fvmawmfrsm;udk
xdkufwefpGm cH,ljcif;jzifh &½SdEdkifygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaom puúrifwl;r*Fvmawmfrsm;- txl;ojzifh
c&p,f metf ouwf moUkd ysK;d axmiaf y;aomaq;aMumjci;f ? c&prö wtf m;ay;jci;f EiS hf u,kd af wmjf rwtf ao;G
tom;r*Fvmawmf- tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh trSDo[JjyKí oD;jcm;cGJxm;r&Edkifaom þpuúrifr*Fvmawmf
(3)yg;wUkd jzihf ,MkHunjfci;f aus;Z;l awmuf kd &½adS pum½iS of eBfu;D xmG ;apygonf (cf. CCC, 1285) / c&pf,mef
touwf mb0ukd ysK;d axmiaf y;aom þpurú irf *vF mawm(f 3)yg;EiS qhf ikd af om ,MkHunvf ukd uf si&hf etf csuf
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c&prö wftm;ay;jcif;r*FvmcH,ljyD;aemufydkif;wGif ,HkMunfjcif;w&m;vrf;rS cyfcGmcGmaoGz,foGm;Mu\\/
4i;f uckd ,H jlci;f r½MdSubaJ eonvf n;f ½\\dS / oUkd &mwiG f þpu&ú rirf *vF mawm(f 3)yg;v;kH ukd c,H ol jlzprf oS m?
0nd mOaf wmjfrwbf &k m;\\wecf ;kd aus;Z;l awmaf Mumihf uREykf wf Ukd tm; crn;f awmbf &k m;\\ om;aumi;f or;D reG f
rsm;? c&pfawmf\\armif&if;ESrrsm;? toif;awmfü cE¨mawmftpdwftydkif;rsm;? {0Ha*vdw&m;awmftwGuf
yjDyipf mG ouaf ocEH ikd of rl sm;EiS hf pprf eS af om ,MkHunjfci;f w&m;vr;f twikd ;f r,rd ;f r,ikd bf xJ ed ;f ord ;f ?umu,G ?f
apmifha½Smuf? usifhMuHaomolrsm; jzpfaponf/
oUkd jzpyf gí oiwf Ukd vil ,vf ½l ,G rf sm;xH ,cuk REykf af &;om;ay;yUkd vudk af om owi;f pum;ukd tjrEJ vS ;kH oiG ;f
qijf ciBf uzUkd rmS Mum;vykd gon/f tx;l ojzihf ,aeUtcsed uf mvwiG f þoeUf ½iS ;f jrijhf rwvf aS om c&prö wf
tm;ay;jcif;r*Fvmawmftm; txl;av;tjrwfxm;jyD;? 0dnmOf½Sifoefa&;u@ü 4if;ta&;ygyHkwdkUudk
aumif;pGmod½Sdem;vnfMuzdkU vdktyfaeygonf/ aq;aBumjcif;ESifh c&pörwftm;ay;jcif;cH,ljyD;olrsm;
wenf;qdk&aomfonf ]]oefU½Sif;aom0dnmOfbk&m;\\Adr®mefawmfrsm;}} jzpfvmMu\\/ þtcsufudk
tpOof w&d Muvsuf rnof nahf ½aT i&G wemwUkd EiS hf rvEJ ikd af omb0wiG f tvQyH ,pf mG o;D yiG ahf 0qmaeMuum?